San Marino
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San Marino Geography Location: Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy Geographic coordinates: 43 46 N, 12 25 E Map references: Europe Area: total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km AreaÑcomparative: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers Terrain: rugged mountains Elevation extremes: lowest point: Fiume Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 749 m Natural resources: building stone Land use: arable land: 17% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: 83% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: NA sq km Natural hazards: NA EnvironmentÑcurrent issues: NA EnvironmentÑinternational agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution GeographyÑnote: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines People Population: 24,894 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 16% (male 1,994; female 2,013) 15-64 years: 67% (male 8,480; female 8,282) 65 years and over: 17% (male 1,732; female 2,393) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 0.7% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 10.52 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 8.11 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 4.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.42 years male: 77.5 years female: 85.34 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.51 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese Ethnic groups: Sammarinese, Italian Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: Italian Literacy: definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.) Government Country name: conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino Data code: SM Government type: republic National capital: San Marino Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli, singularÑcastello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle Independence: 301 AD (by tradition) National holiday: Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captain Regent Loris FRANCINI and Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI (for the period 1 April-30 September 1998) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: co-chiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 1998 (next to be held NA September 1998); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA 1993 (next to be held NA June 1998) election results: Loris FRANCINI and Alberto CECCHETTI elected captain regents; percent of legislative voteÑNA; Gabriele GATTI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative voteÑNA note: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefs of State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Great and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council; assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of StateÑForeign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and FinanceÑand several additional secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral Great and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by 31 May 1998) election results: percent of vote by partyÑPDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, AP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats by partyÑPDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, AP 4, MD 3, RC 2 Judicial branch: Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general]; Democratic Progressive Party or PDP (formerly San Marino Communist Party or PSS) [Stefano MACINA, secretary general]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general]; Democratic Movement or MD [Emilio DELLA BALDA]; Popular Alliance or AP [Antonella MULARONI]; Communist Refoundation or RC [Giuseppe AMICHI] International organization participation: CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO Diplomatic representation in the US: San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) Economy EconomyÑoverview: The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1995 more than 3.3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food. GDP: purchasing power parityÑ$500 million (1997 est.) GDPÑreal growth rate: 4.8% (1994 est.) GDPÑper capita: purchasing power parityÑ$20,000 (1997 est.) GDPÑcomposition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% Inflation rateÑconsumer price index: 5.3% (1995) Labor force: total: 15,600 (1995) by occupation: services 55%, industry 43%, agriculture 2% (1995) Unemployment rate: 3.6% (April 1996) Budget: revenues: $320 million expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $26 million (1995 est.) Industries: tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine Industrial production growth rate: NA% ElectricityÑcapacity: NA kW note: electricity supplied by Italy ElectricityÑproduction: NA kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy ElectricityÑconsumption per capita: NA kWh AgricultureÑproducts: wheat, grapes, maize, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, meat, cheese, hides Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics Imports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures, food DebtÑexternal: $NA Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $NA Currency: 1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; noteÑalso mints its own coins Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1Ñ1,787.7 (January 1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996), 1,628.9 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993) Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones: 15,000 (1995 est.) Telephone system: domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian network; no satellite earth stations Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA (1 private radio broadcast station) Radios: 15,000 (1994 est.) Television broadcast stations: 1 (1991 est.) note: receives broadcasts from Italy Televisions: 9,000 (1994 est.) Transportation Railways: 0 km; noteÑthere is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore Highways: total: 220 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km Ports and harbors: none Airports: none Military Military branches: Voluntary Military Force, Police Force Military expendituresÑdollar figure: $3.7 million (1995) Military expendituresÑpercent of GDP: 1% (1995) Transnational Issues DisputesÑinternational: none